Thermochemistry of Explosives
You are going to learn about choices to be made in the handling and use of explosives.
Safety tests for impact, friction, shock, and sparks generate relative scales for evaluating hazards.
Different explosives are compared with one another. Relative scales lack credibility: some small change in experimental conditions can cause errors in hazards interpretations. Many different relative tests must be run to improve the probability that all hazards have been identified
Self-heating accidents have often occurred when small-scale procedures have been scaled up without considering the effects of size. Safe amounts can be estimated in very straightforward ways. Other accidents have occurred when additional materials were added to previously safe operations. Such “compatibility” problems can be observed before they become a hazard.
A large number of tests has been used to observe relative thermal stabilities. In addition, some more recent quantitative methods can be applied to predicting safe temperature ranges for many important explosives.
Following topics are discussed with illustrations and formulas where appropriate in this amazing book Thermochemistry of Explosives:
- Introduction
- Relative Tests for Thermal Stability and Compatibility
- Tests Involving Chemical Product Detection or Analysis
- Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
- Pyrolysis (Effluent Gas Detection, EGD)
- Pyrolysis-TLC
- Thermogravimetry (TGA)
- Vacuum Stability Test
- Taliani Test
- Gun Propellant Surveillance Program (The “65.5? C Test”)
- Chemical Reactivity Test (CRT)
- Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC)
- Time-To-Explosion Test
- One Dimensional Time-to-Explosion Test (ODTX)
- Quantitative Predictions of Thermal Hazards
- The Concept of a Critical Temperature
- Mathematical Models for Critical Temperature
- Determination of Chemical Kinetics Constants for Use in Thermal Hazard Predictive Models
- Isothermal DSC Kinetics Determinations
- Kinetic Isotope Effects and Explosives Sensitivity
- Compatibility
- Time to Explosion
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
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